EUPHEMIA of KIEV Born in Kiev in 1099 [4, p. 606], † April 4, 1138/39 in Kiev [IV, p. 115-116; V, p. 216]), Queen Consort of Hungary by marriage to (since 1112) Coloman I the Learned, King of Hungary

• Vladimir Monomakh, Prince of Rostov (1066–1073), Prince of Smolensk (1073–1078), Prince of Chernigov (1078–1094), Prince of Pereyaslavsky (1094–1113), Grand Prince of Kiev (1113–1125).

• Mother remains unknown. According to the most accepted point of view, Euphemia’s mother was Vladimir’s second wife, a Greek woman, who gave birth to Vladimir Monomakh’s other daughters)

Euphemia was one of Vladimir Monomakh’s three daughters. The exact date of her birth is unknown; therefore, it is hard to identify her mother. The identification is even more difficult due to the lack of detailed information about the death of Vladimir Monomakh’s first wife, Gytha of Wessex. A. V. Nazarenko, V. A. Kuchkin and other researchers agree that all Vladimir Monomakh’s three daughters, including Euphemia, were born in his second marriage with an unknown Greek woman [2, p. 63-65; 4, p. 604]. Taking into account the approximate date of birth of Euphemia’s son Boris, one can suppose that she was born around 1099.

Sources indicate that Euphemia’s marriage took place under 1112 [I, p. 363; V, col. 273]. The princess married to the Hungarian king Coloman I the Learned. This alliance was supposed to strengthen relations between the two states. Another possible reason for the marriage was probably Coloman’s desire to secure the inheritance: shortly before his new (second) marriage, Coloman lost his youngest son Laszlo [I, p. 363]. However, the relationships between the spouses were bad. A year after the wedding, Coloman accused his young wife of affair and refused to recognize the child with whom she was pregnant at that time, and sent her back to Rus’ [I, p. 364; II, p. 202; III, p. 240]. L. E. Morozova believes that Coloman’s jealousy could become the cause of discord between the spouses: Coloman was much older than his wife and was particularly suspicious [3, p. 326]. However, a number of researchers note that the return of Euphemia could also be caused by political reasons: in this period, relations between Rus’ and Byzantium worsened and Vladimir Monomakh did not hide his hostility towards Constantinople whereas Coloman maintained very close ties with the Empire [5, p. 167]. Indirectly, this hypothesis finds confirmation in the fact that in the same year Vladimir Monomakh’s granddaughter, N Mstislavna, the wife Yaroslav Svyatopolkovich, Prince of Vladimir-in-Volhynia, was also sent home. Prince Yaroslav had close connections to the Hungarian court and, apparently, valued the alliance with Coloman more than with Vladimir [6, p. 33]. Apparently, Vladimir Monomakh has somehow reacted to Euphemia’s return, but the nature of this reaction cannot be reconstructed. A. V. Nazarenko connects Coloman’s intention to revenge on the Russians with the insult inflicted by Vladimir in response to the return of his daughter [4, p. 606]. Again in Kiev, Euphemia gave birth to a son, Boris [7, p. 649–672]. Some time later, a part of the Hungarian nobility, having suffered from the cruel reprisals of Béla II the Blind, would support Boris’s claims to the Hungarian throne and would explain Coloman’s divorce by the recklessness of the old king. However, Boris’s fight was not successful; he would make several more attempts to seize the Hungarian throne, but they would all fail.

Euphemia continued her life in Kiev. She died, according to chronicles, in 1138/1139 [IV, p. 115-116; V, p. 216]. She was buried at the Transfiguration Monastery in Berestovo near Kiev [1, p. 272].

• Boris Kalamanos, a claimant to the Hungarian throne, Byzantine general.

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